The Mary Ann Smith Wilson - Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism spans the dates 1948-2008 with the bulk of the material dated 1960-1967. The collection documents both Ruby Doris Smith Robinson's and Mary Ann Smith Wilson's participation in the civil rights movement and the organizations with which they were affiliated. Although the collection documents both sisters' activities, the bulk of the collection reflects Ruby Doris Smith Robinson’s activism activities in the civil rights movement. Also included in the collection are photographs, correspondences, news articles, programs, reports, and flyers. At the AUC Robert W. Woodruff Library, we are always striving to improve our digital collections. We welcome additional information about people, places, or events depicted in any of the works in this collection. To submit information, please contact us at DSD@auctr.edu.
Aug 7, 2023

Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism

The Mary Ann Smith Wilson - Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism spans the dates 1948-2008 with the bulk of the material dated 1960-1967. The collection documents both Ruby Doris Smith Robinson's and Mary Ann Smith Wilson's participation in the civil rights movement and the organizations with which they were affiliated. Although the collection documents both sisters' activities, the bulk of the collection reflects Ruby Doris Smith Robinson’s activism activities in the civil rights movement. Also included in the collection are photographs, correspondences, news articles, programs, reports, and flyers.

At the AUC Robert W. Woodruff Library, we are always striving to improve our digital collections. We welcome additional information about people, places, or events depicted in any of the works in this collection. To submit information, please contact us at DSD@auctr.edu.
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A booklet identifying Atlanta University Center's historical markers for the Atlanta Student Movement. 1 page.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
AUC Campus Markers Committee COAHR 40th Anniversary, circa 2000
Date Created
1999/2001
Description
A booklet identifying Atlanta University Center's historical markers for the Atlanta Student Movement. 1 page.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American student movements, Groups and organizations, Protest movements
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
A detailed timeline of the Atlanta University Center Civil Rights Movement in chronological order. It starts on February 1, 1960, with four North Carolina A&T State University students participating in a Sit-In protest at Woolworth lunch counter. After that incident, students from the Atlanta University Center organized the Committee on Appeal for Human Rights. Then the timeline describes events from February 1, 1960, to September 26, 1961, when downtown lunch counters were desegregated. 2 pages.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
"Voices of the Student Movement", Chronology of Events, 1990
Date Created
1990
Creator
Committee on the Appeal for Human Rights
Description
A detailed timeline of the Atlanta University Center Civil Rights Movement in chronological order. It starts on February 1, 1960, with four North Carolina A&T State University students participating in a Sit-In protest at Woolworth lunch counter. After that incident, students from the Atlanta University Center organized the Committee on Appeal for Human Rights. Then the timeline describes events from February 1, 1960, to September 26, 1961, when downtown lunch counters were desegregated. 2 pages.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American pioneers, African American student movements, Race discrimination, Groups and organizations, African Americans--Segregation, Protest movements
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
An excerpt from chapter 21, titled "I Can Sing Atlanta The Young Warriors", of Dr. Benjamin Elijah Mays' book Born to Rebel An Autobiography. Dr. Mays talks about In 1960, students from Morehouse and Spelman colleges planned a sit-in demonstration to protest against the discrimination faced by Black people in Atlanta's downtown restaurants. The plan was inspired by the Greensboro sit-ins, where four students refused to leave a white store's lunch counter and sparked a revolution against segregation in eating establishments in the South. The six presidents of the Atlanta University Center were supportive of the students' plans, but each student was encouraged to make their own decision and be prepared to face the consequences for violating the unjust law. 14 pages.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
Born to Rebel, Dr Benjamin Elijah Mays Autobiography, circa 1970
Date Created
1969/1972
Creator
Committee on the Appeal for Human Rights
Description
An excerpt from chapter 21, titled "I Can Sing Atlanta The Young Warriors", of Dr. Benjamin Elijah Mays' book Born to Rebel An Autobiography. Dr. Mays talks about In 1960, students from Morehouse and Spelman colleges planned a sit-in demonstration to protest against the discrimination faced by Black people in Atlanta's downtown restaurants. The plan was inspired by the Greensboro sit-ins, where four students refused to leave a white store's lunch counter and sparked a revolution against segregation in eating establishments in the South. The six presidents of the Atlanta University Center were supportive of the students' plans, but each student was encouraged to make their own decision and be prepared to face the consequences for violating the unjust law. 14 pages.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American student movements, Groups and organizations, Protest movements, African American students
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
This is a flyer about Florida A&M student William H. Larkins visiting CORE in Chicago, Illinois. Larkin was a student activist recently released from Jail due to his sit-in demonstrations. While in Chicago, CORE provided a schedule and list of locations where Larkin was to speak at. 2 pages.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
"Florida A and M Student Leader William H. Larkins Visits Chicago", 1969
Date Created
1969
Creator
Congress of Racial Equality
Description
This is a flyer about Florida A&M student William H. Larkins visiting CORE in Chicago, Illinois. Larkin was a student activist recently released from Jail due to his sit-in demonstrations. While in Chicago, CORE provided a schedule and list of locations where Larkin was to speak at. 2 pages.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American student movements, Groups and organizations, Protest movements
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
This document provides a detailed account of the events that unfolded during the Texas Southern University (TSU) incident, which occurred on May 16, focusing on the events from May 15-17. The report sheds light on the misconceptions surrounding the incident, often labeled as a "riot," although evidence of looting or organized violence is absent. Instead, it reveals a harsh display of police force directed towards the college campus, leading to numerous arrests and injuries, as well as the tragic death of a student. The report highlights the lack of proper reporting, underrepresenting the victims' perspectives, and attempts to hold the city accountable for its actions. The document includes photographs and statements from witnesses and participants, intending to provide a more accurate understanding of the situation and challenge the official narrative. 4 pages.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
Texas Southern University Riot Report, 1967
Date Created
1967
Creator
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
Description
This document provides a detailed account of the events that unfolded during the Texas Southern University (TSU) incident, which occurred on May 16, focusing on the events from May 15-17. The report sheds light on the misconceptions surrounding the incident, often labeled as a "riot," although evidence of looting or organized violence is absent. Instead, it reveals a harsh display of police force directed towards the college campus, leading to numerous arrests and injuries, as well as the tragic death of a student. The report highlights the lack of proper reporting, underrepresenting the victims' perspectives, and attempts to hold the city accountable for its actions. The document includes photographs and statements from witnesses and participants, intending to provide a more accurate understanding of the situation and challenge the official narrative. 4 pages.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American student movements, African American students, Protest movements, College students
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
Ruby D. Smith and unidentified people kneel and pray with protest signs for William Lewis Moore, a CORE member who was shot in Keener Alabama during a protest march.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
Ruby D. Smith and Group Hold Demonstration for William Lewis Moore, circa 1963
Date Created
1961/1965
Description
Ruby D. Smith and unidentified people kneel and pray with protest signs for William Lewis Moore, a CORE member who was shot in Keener Alabama during a protest march.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American pioneers, African American student movements, Race discrimination, Protest movements, Groups and organization
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
People form a line and hold hands with protest signs for William Lewis Moore, a CORE member who was shot in Keener, Alabama, during a protest march.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
Ruby D. Smith and Group Hold Demonstration for William Lewis Moore, circa 1963
Date Created
1961/1965
Description
People form a line and hold hands with protest signs for William Lewis Moore, a CORE member who was shot in Keener, Alabama, during a protest march.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American pioneers, African American student movements, Race discrimination, Protest movements
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
People form a line and hold hands with protest signs for William Lewis Moore, a CORE member who was shot in Keener, Alabama, during a protest march.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
Demonstration for William Lewis Moore, circa 1963
Date Created
1961/1965
Description
People form a line and hold hands with protest signs for William Lewis Moore, a CORE member who was shot in Keener, Alabama, during a protest march.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American pioneers, African American student movements, Race discrimination, Groups and organizations, Protest movements
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
People form a line and hold hands with protest signs for William Lewis Moore, a CORE member who was shot in Keener, Alabama, during a protest march.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
Demonstration for William Lewis Moore, circa 1963
Date Created
1961/1965
Description
People form a line and hold hands with protest signs for William Lewis Moore, a CORE member who was shot in Keener, Alabama, during a protest march.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American pioneers, African American student movements, Race discrimination, Protest movements, Groups and organization
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
People form a line and hold hands with protest signs for William Lewis Moore, a CORE member who was shot in Keener, Alabama, during a protest march.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
Demonstration for William Lewis Moore, circa 1963
Date Created
1961/1965
Description
People form a line and hold hands with protest signs for William Lewis Moore, a CORE member who was shot in Keener, Alabama, during a protest march.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American pioneers, African American student movements, Race discrimination, Protest movements, Groups and organization
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
To her mother, the letter is from Ruby Doris Smith in Hinds County Jail, Jackson, Mississippi. Smith was in jail for taking part in the Freedom Rides. 2 pages.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
Letter to Mother From Ruby D. Smith, June 10, 1961
Date Created
1961-06-10
Author
Smith, Ruby Doris
Description
To her mother, the letter is from Ruby Doris Smith in Hinds County Jail, Jackson, Mississippi. Smith was in jail for taking part in the Freedom Rides. 2 pages.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American pioneers, African American women, Protest movements
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
Speaking on behalf of CORE, James Farmer urges immediate action to end segregation in bus, train, and airline terminals, emphasizing the need for sacrifices, deliberate decision-making, and a spirit of reconciliation. CORE plans additional Freedom Rides and requests applications from individuals willing to engage in nonviolent direct action. Accompanied with the letter are two blue-colored applications for CORE and Freedom Rides. 6 pages.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
Freedom Ride Correspondence and Applications, May 1961
Date Created
1961-05
Creator
Congress of Racial Equality
Description
Speaking on behalf of CORE, James Farmer urges immediate action to end segregation in bus, train, and airline terminals, emphasizing the need for sacrifices, deliberate decision-making, and a spirit of reconciliation. CORE plans additional Freedom Rides and requests applications from individuals willing to engage in nonviolent direct action. Accompanied with the letter are two blue-colored applications for CORE and Freedom Rides. 6 pages.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American student movements, Groups and organizations, Protest movements
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
"Jailed In," written by Thomas Gaither, discusses his experience of being jailed for 30 days with eight other students because of their sit-in protest in Rock-Hill, South Carolina. Gaither talks about the events leading to the protest in Rock Hill, South Carolina, preceded by a protest in Greensboro, North Carolina, in February 1960. Afterward, he describes the experience of being arrested and tried in South Carolina. 8 pages.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
"Jailed In" by Thomas Gaither, April 1961
Date Created
1961-04
Creator
Congress of Racial Equality
Description
"Jailed In," written by Thomas Gaither, discusses his experience of being jailed for 30 days with eight other students because of their sit-in protest in Rock-Hill, South Carolina. Gaither talks about the events leading to the protest in Rock Hill, South Carolina, preceded by a protest in Greensboro, North Carolina, in February 1960. Afterward, he describes the experience of being arrested and tried in South Carolina. 8 pages.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American student movements, Groups and organizations, Protest movements
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
In this letter, James R. Robinson seeks support to sustain and advance the organization's program of action, emphasizing the progress made over the past twenty years, the ongoing struggles for integration, and the need for financial contributions. The letter appeals for support and urges them to make a generous contribution to help achieve a genuine Brotherhood in America. 1 page.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
CORE, Behind Bars for Freedom Letter, April 1961
Date Created
1961-04
Creator
Congress of Racial Equality
Description
In this letter, James R. Robinson seeks support to sustain and advance the organization's program of action, emphasizing the progress made over the past twenty years, the ongoing struggles for integration, and the need for financial contributions. The letter appeals for support and urges them to make a generous contribution to help achieve a genuine Brotherhood in America. 1 page.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American student movements, Groups and organizations, Protest movements
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
This document is a preliminary draft announcement from the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) regarding the Freedom Ride, 1961. The Freedom Ride is a planned initiative to achieve complete integration of bus service and accommodations in the Deep South. It will involve an interracial group of highly trained and dedicated CORE members who will challenge Jim Crow segregation wherever encountered during their journey from Washington, D.C. to New Orleans. The document provides information on the purpose, itinerary, participant requirements, and contact details for those interested in joining the project. 1 page.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
"Freedom Ride, 1961 Preliminary Draft", March 13, 1961
Date Created
1961-03-13
Creator
Congress of Racial Equality
Description
This document is a preliminary draft announcement from the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) regarding the Freedom Ride, 1961. The Freedom Ride is a planned initiative to achieve complete integration of bus service and accommodations in the Deep South. It will involve an interracial group of highly trained and dedicated CORE members who will challenge Jim Crow segregation wherever encountered during their journey from Washington, D.C. to New Orleans. The document provides information on the purpose, itinerary, participant requirements, and contact details for those interested in joining the project. 1 page.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American student movements, Groups and organizations, Protest movements
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
The Ann Arbor Direct Action Committee and Detroit CORE are organizing national demonstrations to pressure the Kresge Company to integrate their Southern lunch counters to achieve 100% integration and write to the President of Kresge in support of complete integration, emphasizing the need for change in the Deep South and the potential influence on other chains. The item includes a list of cities with lunch counters that opened around February 1st, 1960. The Crisis in Western Tennessee is summarized, highlighting the importance of long-term solutions through Operation Freedom and the need for relief contributions to support local organizations addressing the crisis. 4 pages.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
CORE, Call To Action, National Kresge Demonstrations, March 9, 1961
Date Created
1961-03-09
Creator
Congress of Racial Equality
Description
The Ann Arbor Direct Action Committee and Detroit CORE are organizing national demonstrations to pressure the Kresge Company to integrate their Southern lunch counters to achieve 100% integration and write to the President of Kresge in support of complete integration, emphasizing the need for change in the Deep South and the potential influence on other chains. The item includes a list of cities with lunch counters that opened around February 1st, 1960. The Crisis in Western Tennessee is summarized, highlighting the importance of long-term solutions through Operation Freedom and the need for relief contributions to support local organizations addressing the crisis. 4 pages.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American student movements, Groups and organizations, Protest movements
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
"Students Prefer Jail-Ins to Bail-Outs" newspaper article in the Southern Patriot about the southern student movement, highlighting the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee as leaders in the movement. 2 pages.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
"Students Prefer Jail Ins to Bail Outs", March 1961
Date Created
1961-03
Description
"Students Prefer Jail-Ins to Bail-Outs" newspaper article in the Southern Patriot about the southern student movement, highlighting the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee as leaders in the movement. 2 pages.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American student movements, Groups and organizations, Protest movements
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
Articles in the Atlanta Inquirer about the Atlanta Student Movement, including the jail not bail demonstration and Ruby Doris Smith's arrest and jailing. 2 pages.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
The Atlanta Inquirer, February 11, 1961
Date Created
1961-02-11
Description
Articles in the Atlanta Inquirer about the Atlanta Student Movement, including the jail not bail demonstration and Ruby Doris Smith's arrest and jailing. 2 pages.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American pioneers, African American student movements, Protest movements
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
FIX DESCRIPTION TO MATCH title
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
Ruby D. Smith Getting out of Jail, 1961
Date Created
1961
Description
FIX DESCRIPTION TO MATCH title
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American pioneers, African American student movements, Race discrimination, Protest movements, African American women
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
Ruby D. Smith holds signs with other college students [poor original image quality].
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
Ruby D. Smith, circa 1962
Date Created
1960/1964
Description
Ruby D. Smith holds signs with other college students [poor original image quality].
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American pioneers, African American student movements, Race discrimination, Protest movements, African American women
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
Ruby D. Smith talks with other college students [poor original image quality].
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
Ruby D. Smith, circa 1962
Date Created
1960/1964
Description
Ruby D. Smith talks with other college students [poor original image quality].
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American pioneers, African American student movements, Race discrimination, Protest movements, African American women
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
An excerpt from a newspaper advertisement in support of human dignity written by the Atlanta Committee for Cooperative Action. The letter commends the peaceful efforts of Atlanta University Center students in their pursuit of equal treatment as citizens and human beings. The students' activities included an appeal for human rights, requests for food service, picketing, and a march to the State Capitol. The committee endorses the students' objectives and calls upon all individuals in public office, business, education, and civic life to work towards a community that values brotherhood and Christian justice for all. 1 page.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
"An Endorsement In Support of Human Dignity", circa 1962
Date Created
1960/1964
Description
An excerpt from a newspaper advertisement in support of human dignity written by the Atlanta Committee for Cooperative Action. The letter commends the peaceful efforts of Atlanta University Center students in their pursuit of equal treatment as citizens and human beings. The students' activities included an appeal for human rights, requests for food service, picketing, and a march to the State Capitol. The committee endorses the students' objectives and calls upon all individuals in public office, business, education, and civic life to work towards a community that values brotherhood and Christian justice for all. 1 page.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American pioneers, African American student movements, Race discrimination, Protest movements
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
Three women wear signs in protest saying, "Don't Buy Segregation" and "Don't Buy Here" during demonstration in Atlanta.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
Protesters With Signs, circa 1960
Date Created
1960/1962
Description
Three women wear signs in protest saying, "Don't Buy Segregation" and "Don't Buy Here" during demonstration in Atlanta.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American pioneers, African American student movements, Race discrimination, Protest movements, African American women
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
A man and a woman sit at an otherwise empty lunch counter.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
Couple Sitting at Lunch Counter, circa 1961
Date Created
1960/1962
Description
A man and a woman sit at an otherwise empty lunch counter.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American pioneers, African American student movements, Race discrimination, Groups and organizations, Protest movements
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
The Committee on the Appeal for Human Rights met on December 2, 1960, and discussed the lack of personnel and the need to hit Walgreens early in the morning. The committee also noted that some members needed to follow policies, but overall, the organization was working smoothly and profiting from the previous day's mistakes. The committee is also suggested to take the suggestions of research and action committees before going into anything blindly and adhere to sit policies placed by the committees. 4 pages.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
COAHR Committee on the Appeal for Human Rights Minutes, December 2, 1960
Date Created
1960-12-02
Creator
Committee on the Appeal of Human Rights
Description
The Committee on the Appeal for Human Rights met on December 2, 1960, and discussed the lack of personnel and the need to hit Walgreens early in the morning. The committee also noted that some members needed to follow policies, but overall, the organization was working smoothly and profiting from the previous day's mistakes. The committee is also suggested to take the suggestions of research and action committees before going into anything blindly and adhere to sit policies placed by the committees. 4 pages.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American pioneers, African American student movements, Race discrimination, Protest movements, Meetings
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and student leader Lonnie King, along with other members of the sit-in group, refuse bail following their arrest for violating the state�s trespass law in Fulton County on Wednesday. On Wednesday at 9:00 AM, around 200 students gathered on the Atlanta University campus to break into 11 groups and go to specific eating facilities in the city, marking the beginning of the sit-ins. After being arrested for disturbing the peace, the students remained calm even as they were held in the modern Jefferson Street prison. 2 pages.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
"Jail, No Bail Group In Jail, Cheerful, Confident", October 24, 1960
Date Created
1960-10-24
Description
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and student leader Lonnie King, along with other members of the sit-in group, refuse bail following their arrest for violating the state�s trespass law in Fulton County on Wednesday. On Wednesday at 9:00 AM, around 200 students gathered on the Atlanta University campus to break into 11 groups and go to specific eating facilities in the city, marking the beginning of the sit-ins. After being arrested for disturbing the peace, the students remained calm even as they were held in the modern Jefferson Street prison. 2 pages.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American pioneers, African American student movements, Race discrimination, Protest movements, African American students
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
A draft copy of "An Appeal for Human Rights". 4 pages.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
COAHR Appeal for Human Rights Draft, circa 1960
Date Created
1959/1961
Creator
Committee on the Appeal for Human Rights
Description
A draft copy of "An Appeal for Human Rights". 4 pages.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American student movements, Groups and organizations, Protest movements, African American students
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
A Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) poster depicting students in a crowd with arms extended and clapping.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee "Now!" Poster, circa 1960
Date Created
1958/1962
Creator
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
Description
A Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) poster depicting students in a crowd with arms extended and clapping.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American pioneers, African American student movements, Race discrimination, Protest movements
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
A group of white Southern ministers from the Baptist, Methodist, and Presbyterian churches has issued a statement expressing their conviction that racial discrimination in America is morally wrong and must be addressed by the church. They denounce the use of the Bible to justify white supremacy and call on all Christians to act with humility and conviction to promote full human brotherhood. They believe that it is their responsibility as Christian ministers to make clear statements of their position on concrete social issues and to exercise vigorous civic leadership to promote interracial contacts and protect the rights of minority groups. 2 pages.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
COAHR Demonstration, A Call to Christian Action, circa 1960
Date Created
1958/1962
Creator
Committee on the Appeal for Human Rights
Description
A group of white Southern ministers from the Baptist, Methodist, and Presbyterian churches has issued a statement expressing their conviction that racial discrimination in America is morally wrong and must be addressed by the church. They denounce the use of the Bible to justify white supremacy and call on all Christians to act with humility and conviction to promote full human brotherhood. They believe that it is their responsibility as Christian ministers to make clear statements of their position on concrete social issues and to exercise vigorous civic leadership to promote interracial contacts and protect the rights of minority groups. 2 pages.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American student movements, Groups and organizations, Protest movements
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
Notes from the Committee on Appeal for Human Rights meeting discussing future meeting dates and information pertaining to the Sit-Ins. 4 pages.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
COAHR Meeting Notes, circa 1960
Date Created
1958/1962
Creator
Committee on the Appeal for Human Rights
Description
Notes from the Committee on Appeal for Human Rights meeting discussing future meeting dates and information pertaining to the Sit-Ins. 4 pages.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American student movements, Groups and organizations, Protest movements
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
Notes from the Action Committee Report referring to the integration of the lunch counters. The note drafts the conditions and plan of action for the Committee on Appeal for Human Rights and how it regards the protesting movements. 2 pages.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
COAHR Meeting Action Committee Reports, circa 1960
Date Created
1958/1962
Creator
Committee on the Appeal for Human Rights
Description
Notes from the Action Committee Report referring to the integration of the lunch counters. The note drafts the conditions and plan of action for the Committee on Appeal for Human Rights and how it regards the protesting movements. 2 pages.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American student movements, Groups and organizations, Protest movements
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
Notes referring to student activism and the Committee on Appeal for Human Rights. The action report, summarized by the note, is referring to trying to get the administration to agree to have students have 3-5 days off and the students wearing a Kennedy button and be placed throughout the town to direct other students and tell them where to go for protesting. 1 page.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
COAHR Meeting adopted Action report, circa 1960
Date Created
1958/1962
Creator
Committee on the Appeal for Human Rights
Description
Notes referring to student activism and the Committee on Appeal for Human Rights. The action report, summarized by the note, is referring to trying to get the administration to agree to have students have 3-5 days off and the students wearing a Kennedy button and be placed throughout the town to direct other students and tell them where to go for protesting. 1 page.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American student movements, Groups and organizations, Protest movements
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
A meeting agenda discussing demonstrations, marches, and the possibility of a new emphasis in the movement with Stand-Ins. 1 page.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
COAHR Meeting Agenda, circa 1960
Date Created
1958/1962
Creator
Committee on the Appeal for Human Rights
Description
A meeting agenda discussing demonstrations, marches, and the possibility of a new emphasis in the movement with Stand-Ins. 1 page.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American student movements, Groups and organizations, Protest movements
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
A meeting agenda with featured figures James Felder and Otis Moss. 1 page.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
COAHR Meeting Agenda With Negotiations, circa 1960
Date Created
1958/1962
Creator
Committee on the Appeal for Human Rights
Description
A meeting agenda with featured figures James Felder and Otis Moss. 1 page.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American student movements, Groups and organizations, Protest movements
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
Notes from the Committee on Appeal for Human Rights meeting. Notes discuss donation amounts and pricing for various items. 7 pages.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
COAHR Meeting Notes, circa 1960
Date Created
1958/1962
Creator
Committee on the Appeal for Human Rights
Description
Notes from the Committee on Appeal for Human Rights meeting. Notes discuss donation amounts and pricing for various items. 7 pages.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American student movements, Groups and organizations, Protest movements
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
Notes from a meeting concerning public relations. 2 pages.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
COAHR Meeting Notes, circa 1960
Date Created
1958/1962
Creator
Committee on the Appeal for Human Rights
Description
Notes from a meeting concerning public relations. 2 pages.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American student movements, Groups and organizations, Protest movements
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
A judge in Municipal Court in Atlanta, James Webb, stayed late to hear the cases of 59 African-American students arrested during a sit-in demonstration. He sent 56 of them to Fulton Criminal Court on $300 bonds, while three others who had already made bonds were also bound over. All 59 students made property bonds, but one juvenile stayed in jail. Two white youths were also ordered to spend 30 days in the city stockade for failing to move at a police officer's order after one of them kicked a Negro radio station reporter. 1 page.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
COAHR News Articles, Managers Testify in Sit In Hearings, circa 1960
Date Created
1958/1962
Creator
Committee on the Appeal for Human Rights
Description
A judge in Municipal Court in Atlanta, James Webb, stayed late to hear the cases of 59 African-American students arrested during a sit-in demonstration. He sent 56 of them to Fulton Criminal Court on $300 bonds, while three others who had already made bonds were also bound over. All 59 students made property bonds, but one juvenile stayed in jail. Two white youths were also ordered to spend 30 days in the city stockade for failing to move at a police officer's order after one of them kicked a Negro radio station reporter. 1 page.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American student movements, Groups and organizations, Protest movements
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
Notes referring to a meeting held by the Committee on Appeal for Human Rights. 2 pages.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
COAHR Meeting Notes, circa 1960
Date Created
1958/1962
Creator
Committee on the Appeal for Human Rights
Description
Notes referring to a meeting held by the Committee on Appeal for Human Rights. 2 pages.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American student movements, Groups and organizations, Protest movements
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
A statement about the "Sit-in" protest from the Episcopal Protestant Church: the paper addresses the legal aspects of the protests; it also explores the concept of Christian conscience and civil disobedience, highlighting that while Christian teaching emphasizes obedience to the law, it also recognizes the right to civil disobedience in certain circumstances. The paper concludes by suggesting various positive actions that Church members should take in response to the nationwide impact of the protests. 15 pages.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
Protestant Episcopal Church, Authoritative Statement, circa 1960
Date Created
1958/1962
Description
A statement about the "Sit-in" protest from the Episcopal Protestant Church: the paper addresses the legal aspects of the protests; it also explores the concept of Christian conscience and civil disobedience, highlighting that while Christian teaching emphasizes obedience to the law, it also recognizes the right to civil disobedience in certain circumstances. The paper concludes by suggesting various positive actions that Church members should take in response to the nationwide impact of the protests. 15 pages.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, Groups and organizations, Protest movements, African Americans--Religion, Church history
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
In March 1960, Black college students staged a sit-in at segregated lunch counters in downtown Atlanta. Over 50 protesters, including Martin Luther King Jr., were arrested for trespassing and 36 were jailed. The sit-ins were carried out without incident, but the official integration of Atlanta's restaurants did not come for nearly another year. The protests were a turning point in the Civil Rights Movement, increasing morale and confidence in the mission of ending segregation. Partial document. 1 page.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
COAHR News Articles, Sit Ins, Circa 1960
Date Created
1958/1962
Creator
Committee on the Appeal for Human Rights
Description
In March 1960, Black college students staged a sit-in at segregated lunch counters in downtown Atlanta. Over 50 protesters, including Martin Luther King Jr., were arrested for trespassing and 36 were jailed. The sit-ins were carried out without incident, but the official integration of Atlanta's restaurants did not come for nearly another year. The protests were a turning point in the Civil Rights Movement, increasing morale and confidence in the mission of ending segregation. Partial document. 1 page.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American student movements, Groups and organizations, Protest movements
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
After a year of sit-ins by African-American students in Atlanta, a settlement had been finally reached between the merchants and the Black students. Negotiations had broken down previously, with local white merchants hostile to any compromise. The incoming president of the Chamber of Commerce, Ivan Allen Jr., played a key role in bringing the chamber into the final peace negotiations. The settlement stipulated that desegregation of lunch counters would follow desegregation of the city's schools that fall. 1 page.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
COAHR News Articles, How Peace Came on Sit In Front
Date Created
1958/1962
Creator
Committee on the Appeal for Human Rights
Description
After a year of sit-ins by African-American students in Atlanta, a settlement had been finally reached between the merchants and the Black students. Negotiations had broken down previously, with local white merchants hostile to any compromise. The incoming president of the Chamber of Commerce, Ivan Allen Jr., played a key role in bringing the chamber into the final peace negotiations. The settlement stipulated that desegregation of lunch counters would follow desegregation of the city's schools that fall. 1 page.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American student movements, Groups and organizations, Protest movements
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
A roster of student activists with scheduled times, school affiliations, and dormitory status. 4 pages.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
COAHR Student Roster, circa 1960
Date Created
1958/1962
Creator
Committee on the Appeal for Human Rights
Description
A roster of student activists with scheduled times, school affiliations, and dormitory status. 4 pages.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American student movements, Groups and organizations, Protest movements
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
The Black leadership created a press-release statement regarding integration through the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce. The statement was concerned about lunch counter desegregation and school integration. Featured figures mentioned in the article: Luther King Sr., Luther King Jr, Rev. Otis Moss, Leroy Johnson, and Dr. Rufus E. Celement. 1 page.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
COAHR News Articles, Lunch Counters, circa 1960
Date Created
1958/1962
Creator
Committee on the Appeal for Human Rights
Description
The Black leadership created a press-release statement regarding integration through the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce. The statement was concerned about lunch counter desegregation and school integration. Featured figures mentioned in the article: Luther King Sr., Luther King Jr, Rev. Otis Moss, Leroy Johnson, and Dr. Rufus E. Celement. 1 page.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American student movements, Groups and organizations, Protest movements
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
The city of Atlanta, major merchants, and African American leaders have reached an agreement to desegregate lunch counters and other facilities. The settlement followed negotiations led by a retired lawyer, and it is supported by the African American community to end protests, picketing, and immediate boycotts. However, there is an "if" clause to the agreement, which states that if no school desegregation occurs in the fall, then there will be no lunch counter desegregation at that time. 1 page.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
COAHR News Articles, Store Facilities Reopen, circa 1960
Date Created
1958/1962
Creator
Committee on the Appeal for Human Rights
Description
The city of Atlanta, major merchants, and African American leaders have reached an agreement to desegregate lunch counters and other facilities. The settlement followed negotiations led by a retired lawyer, and it is supported by the African American community to end protests, picketing, and immediate boycotts. However, there is an "if" clause to the agreement, which states that if no school desegregation occurs in the fall, then there will be no lunch counter desegregation at that time. 1 page.
Subject
African Americans--Civil rights, African American student movements, Groups and organizations, Protest movements
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
A poster titled "Don't Buy At Woolworth" calls for Black and White people to have sit-in protests at Woolworth's lunch counters because of the separated counters by race and color. The poster highlights the challenges faced by protesting students, including mass arrests, fines, threats of expulsion, and encounters with racist individuals. It emphasizes the students' motivation to fight against segregation, which deprives African Americans of equal opportunities and dignity, and calls for a boycott of Woolworth stores to pressure the national chain to end racial segregation policies. The document encourages joining CORE to support the picket lines against Jim Crow laws. 2 pages.
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism
"Don't Buy At Woolworth", circa 1960
Date Created
1958/1962
Creator
Congress of Racial Equality
Description
A poster titled "Don't Buy At Woolworth" calls for Black and White people to have sit-in protests at Woolworth's lunch counters because of the separated counters by race and color. The poster highlights the challenges faced by protesting students, including mass arrests, fines, threats of expulsion, and encounters with racist individuals. It emphasizes the students' motivation to fight against segregation, which deprives African Americans of equal opportunities and dignity, and calls for a boycott of Woolworth stores to pressure the national chain to end racial segregation policies. The document encourages joining CORE to support the picket lines against Jim Crow laws. 2 pages.
Subject
Political posters, Civil rights movements, African Americans--Civil rights, African American student movements, Groups and organizations, Protest movements
Collection
Mary Ann Smith Wilson, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson Collection on Student Activism